Bluebook Citation Guide

U.S. Supreme Court Citations

Master Bluebook citation format for cases reported in U.S. Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Overview

The United States Reports (U.S.) is the official reporter for decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Under Bluebook Rule 10, U.S. Reports is the only reporter that should be cited for Supreme Court cases. Parallel citations to the Supreme Court Reporter (S. Ct.) or the Lawyers' Edition (L. Ed.) should not be used when the official U.S. Reports citation is available.

A unique feature of Supreme Court citations is that no court abbreviation is needed in the date parenthetical. Because only the Supreme Court publishes in U.S. Reports, the reporter itself identifies the court. Simply include the year of the decision in parentheses after the page number.

For very early Supreme Court cases, decisions were reported under the names of individual reporters: Dallas (1 U.S. -- 4 U.S.), Cranch (5 U.S. -- 13 U.S.), Wheaton (14 U.S. -- 25 U.S.), Peters (26 U.S. -- 41 U.S.), Howard (42 U.S. -- 65 U.S.), Black (66 U.S. -- 67 U.S.), and Wallace (68 U.S. -- 90 U.S.). Modern Bluebook practice uses the U.S. Reports volume number rather than the nominative reporter abbreviation.

Formatting Rules

  • Cite only to U.S. Reports (U.S.) — do not include parallel citations to S. Ct. or L. Ed.
  • Do not include a court abbreviation in the date parenthetical; the U.S. reporter already identifies the court.
  • Use the U.S. Reports volume number for older cases, not the nominative reporter name (e.g., 5 U.S. not 1 Cranch).
  • Abbreviate party names per Bluebook Table T6 (e.g., Board becomes Bd., Education becomes Educ.).
  • If the U.S. Reports volume has not yet been assigned, cite to S. Ct. with the court abbreviation omitted.
  • Include the year the decision was issued, not the year the case was argued.

Examples

Standard Citation

Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803)

With Pinpoint

Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954)

Modern Case

Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

Recent Case

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Org., 597 U.S. 215 (2022)

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to include 'U.S.' in the court parenthetical for Supreme Court cases?

No. Because U.S. Reports is the exclusive reporter for the Supreme Court, the reporter abbreviation alone identifies the court. Your parenthetical should contain only the year, e.g., (1954).

Should I cite to S. Ct. or L. Ed. for Supreme Court cases?

Only if the official U.S. Reports citation has not yet been assigned. Once a U.S. Reports volume is published, you must cite to that and should not include parallel citations to S. Ct. or L. Ed.

How do I cite very old Supreme Court cases?

Use the U.S. Reports volume number. For example, cite McCulloch v. Maryland as 17 U.S. 316 (1819), not 4 Wheat. 316. The Bluebook prefers the official U.S. Reports numbering over nominative reporter names.

How do I format a pinpoint citation for a Supreme Court case?

Add the pinpoint page after the first page, separated by a comma and a space. For example: Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).

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Disclaimer: While this guide follows Bluebook 21st edition rules, always verify citations with official Bluebook resources or your institution's requirements. This content is for educational assistance only.