FRCP · Rule 68

FRCP Rule 68

Quick Answer

What is FRCP Rule 68?

FRCP Rule 68 addresses offers of judgment in federal civil cases, encouraging settlement before trial.

Source: FRCP Rule 68

Official Text
At any time more than 14 days before the trial begins, a party defending against a claim may serve on the opposing party an offer to allow judgment on specified terms, with reasonable notice to the opposing party.
Plain Language

Rule 68 allows a defendant to make a formal settlement offer to the plaintiff before trial. If the plaintiff rejects the offer and fails to obtain a better judgment at trial, the plaintiff may be required to pay the defendant's costs incurred after the offer was made.

Purpose

The main purpose of Rule 68 is to promote settlement and reduce litigation costs by providing incentives for parties to resolve disputes amicably before trial.

Key Provisions

Offer of Judgment

A party can make a unilateral offer of settlement that, if rejected, may impose cost consequences on the offeree if they do not achieve a better outcome at trial.

Timing

The offer can be made anytime more than 14 days before the trial, ensuring parties have time for consideration.

Cost Implications

If the plaintiff rejects the offer and fails to achieve a judgment more favorable than the offer, the plaintiff may have to pay the defendant's post-offer costs.

Practice Notes
  • Consider making an offer of judgment if you believe the other party's case lacks merit.
  • Be strategic about timing your offer, ensuring it is more than 14 days before trial.
  • Keep in mind that the settlement amount offered should realistically reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the case.
Landmark Cases

Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. August

This case clarified the consequences of accepting or declining an offer made under Rule 68 and established the importance of considering the offer in the context of the entire litigation process.

Gonzales v. City of Topeka

This case illustrated how the court interpreted the reasonableness criterion for costs awarded under Rule 68, emphasizing the necessity for both parties to act prudently in litigation.

Exam Tip

Rule 68 is often tested in the context of settlement strategy and cost implications; be prepared to analyze the effects of offers and their outcomes on litigation expenses.

Related Rules
  • frcp-rule-67
  • frcp-rule-54
  • frcp-rule-5

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