criminal law · crime

Elements of Attempt

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Attempt?

In criminal law, 'attempt' refers to an individual's intention to commit a crime coupled with a substantial step taken towards the commission of that crime. An attempt can be charged even if the ultimate crime is not successfully completed.

Required Elements

1. Intent

The perpetrator must have a specific intent to commit the underlying crime.

What to prove: It must be shown that the defendant had the intent to engage in conduct that constitutes a crime, demonstrating a clear purpose to achieve the criminal objective.

2. Substantial Step

The defendant must take a substantial step towards the commission of the crime.

What to prove: It must be proven that the actions taken by the defendant are more than mere preparation; they must indicate a direct movement towards the completion of the crime.

Burden of Proof

The prosecution bears the burden of proof, demonstrating the defendant's intent and substantial step beyond a reasonable doubt.

Available Defenses
  • Withdrawal
  • Impossibility
  • Lack of intent
Common Fact Patterns
  • A person purchases items to commit a burglary but is apprehended before carrying out the act.
  • An individual threatens to commit a robbery but is unable to do so due to unforeseen circumstances.
Exam Tip

Expect to analyze fact patterns involving ambiguous behaviors that may or may not satisfy the elements of attempt, focusing on the clarity of intent and actions taken.

Key Cases
  • People v. McCloskey
  • Commonwealth v. McGowan
  • State v. McCarthy

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