contract law · claim

Elements of Breach Of Contract

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Breach Of Contract?

A breach of contract is a violation of any term of a contract, whether it's express or implied. It typically entails the failure to perform agreed-upon duties, allowing the non-breaching party to seek remedies.

Required Elements

1. Existence of a Valid Contract

There must be a legally enforceable agreement between the parties, consisting of an offer, acceptance, and consideration.

What to prove: Prove that a valid contract exists by demonstrating the mutual consent, capacity, and lawful object.

2. Breach of the Contract

A party to the contract must have failed to perform their obligations as specified in the agreement.

What to prove: Show that the party failed to meet the contractual terms without a lawful excuse.

3. Causation

There must be a direct link between the breach and the damages suffered by the non-breaching party.

What to prove: Establish that the breach was the proximate cause of the damages incurred.

4. Damages

The non-breaching party must have incurred actual damages as a result of the breach.

What to prove: Demonstrate that verifiable and quantifiable harm was suffered due to the breach.

Burden of Proof

The plaintiff bears the burden of proof, typically by a preponderance of the evidence standard, to establish all elements of the breach of contract claim.

Available Defenses
  • Impossibility of Performance
  • Lack of Capacity
  • Mutual Mistake
  • Unconscionability
Common Fact Patterns
  • A seller fails to deliver goods as specified in a sales contract.
  • A contractor does not complete work on a construction project by the agreed deadline.
Exam Tip

Be prepared to analyze the presence of each element in hypothetical scenarios. Understand defenses that may mitigate or negate a breach claim.

Key Cases
  • Hadley v. Baxendale
  • Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.
  • Friedman v. Klenk

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