Contract Law · defense

Elements of Impracticability

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Impracticability?

Impracticability refers to situations where, due to unforeseen events, a party finds it commercially unreasonable or impossible to perform contractual duties. It serves as a defense against breach of contract claims when fulfilling obligations has become excessively burdensome.

Required Elements

1. Unforeseen Circumstances

The event causing impracticability must be unforeseen and not anticipated by the parties at the time the contract was formed.

What to prove: It must be shown that the event leading to impracticability was not foreseeable by a reasonable person at the time of contract execution.

2. Significant Impact on Performance

The unforeseen event must significantly hinder or prevent the party's ability to perform their contractual duties.

What to prove: The party must demonstrate that the performance has become excessively burdensome or impossible as a direct result of the unforeseen event.

3. No Fault of the Party Seeking Relief

The party claiming impracticability must show that their inability to perform is not due to their own fault or negligence.

What to prove: Evidence must be provided to establish that the delay or inability to perform was caused solely by the unforeseen circumstance, not by actions or failures on their part.

Burden of Proof

The burden of proof lies with the party claiming impracticability, and they must demonstrate the existence of the elements by a preponderance of the evidence.

Available Defenses
  • Commercial impossibility
  • Frustration of purpose
Common Fact Patterns
  • A construction contract that becomes prohibitively expensive due to unexpected rise in material costs due to a natural disaster.
  • A supplier unable to deliver goods due to sudden government regulations prohibiting exportation of certain materials.
Exam Tip

Impracticability often appears in fact patterns involving natural disasters or regulatory changes. Analyze any unforeseeable events and their impact on contractual obligations.

Key Cases
  • Eastern Airlines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Corp.
  • UCC §2-615
  • Tucker v. C.B. Fleet Co., Inc.

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