criminal law · crime

Elements of Larceny

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Larceny?

Larceny is defined as the wrongful taking and carrying away of personal property belonging to another, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of that property. It is a specific intent crime, requiring both the act of taking and the mental state of intending to permanently deprive the owner of their possessions.

Required Elements

1. Taking

The unlawful taking of property must be completed, which involves physically moving the property from its original location.

What to prove: It must be shown that the defendant physically took possession of the property, even if the taking was not completed.

2. Carrying Away

The property must be moved, however slightly, from its original location.

What to prove: It must be demonstrated that the property was moved, which can be as minimal as a few inches from its original spot.

3. Personal Property

The property taken must be personal rather than real property.

What to prove: It must be shown that the item taken was movable personal property, such as money, goods, or tangible items.

4. Belonging to Another

The property taken must rightfully belong to someone other than the defendant.

What to prove: Evidence must establish that the victim was the true owner of the property that was taken.

5. Intent to Permanently Deprive

The defendant must have the intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property at the time of the taking.

What to prove: It must be shown that the defendant intended to keep the property and not return it to the owner.

Burden of Proof

The prosecution bears the burden of proof, requiring evidence to prove each element of larceny beyond a reasonable doubt.

Available Defenses
  • Consent
  • Mistake of fact
  • Entrapment
Common Fact Patterns
  • A person takes another's parked bicycle thinking it is theirs without any prior intent to return it.
  • An employee takes company property after hours with the intention to sell it online later.
Exam Tip

Larceny questions on exams often focus on intent and may include hypotheticals where either the taking or the intent is ambiguous; pay close attention to these details.

Key Cases
  • Commonwealth v. Williams
  • People v. McStowe
  • State v. Mitchell

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