Immigration Law · procedure
Naturalization is the legal process through which a foreign national becomes a citizen of a country. In the U.S., this process requires applicants to meet specific eligibility criteria, demonstrating their commitment to the nation and its laws.
Applicants must be lawful permanent residents for a specified period before applying for naturalization.
What to prove: The applicant must show they have had a valid green card for at least five years (or three years for spouses of U.S. citizens).
Applicants must demonstrate continuous residence in the U.S. for the required period.
What to prove: The applicant must prove they have not left the U.S. for more than six months at a time during the residency requirement.
The applicant must demonstrate physical presence in the U.S. for a specified period.
What to prove: The applicant must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least half of the required residency period.
Applicants must show they possess good moral character during the required residency period.
What to prove: The assessment of good moral character includes a review of the applicant's criminal record and conduct.
Applicants must demonstrate an ability to read, write, and speak basic English.
What to prove: The applicant must pass an English language test unless eligible for an exemption due to age or disability.
Applicants must pass a civics test about U.S. history and government.
What to prove: The applicant must answer correctly at least six out of ten questions on the civics test.
Applicants must take an oath to support and defend the Constitution and laws of the U.S.
What to prove: The applicant must swear allegiance to the United States as part of the naturalization process.
The applicant bears the burden of proving eligibility by a preponderance of the evidence.
Be prepared to analyze scenarios involving applicants who may struggle with one or more naturalization requirements. Look for ways to articulate potential conflicts or lack of evidence.