Landlord-Tenant Law · claim

Elements of Retaliatory Eviction

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Retaliatory Eviction?

Retaliatory eviction involves a landlord taking adverse action, such as terminating a lease or evicting a tenant, in retaliation for the tenant exercising their rights. Such rights may include reporting health code violations or alleging discrimination, and retaliatory eviction is illegal under many housing statutes.

Required Elements

1. Protected Activity

The tenant must have engaged in a legally protected activity that prompted the landlord's retaliatory actions.

What to prove: It must be shown that the tenant exercised a right or engaged in conduct that is protected by law, such as filing a complaint or requesting repairs.

2. Adverse Action

The landlord must have taken an adverse action against the tenant, such as eviction or lease termination.

What to prove: Evidence must demonstrate that the landlord's actions resulted in a significant negative impact on the tenant's living situation.

3. Causal Connection

There must be a causal link between the protected activity and the landlord's adverse action.

What to prove: It must be illustrated that the eviction or adverse action was substantially motivated by the tenant's engagement in the protected activity.

Burden of Proof

The burden is on the tenant to prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence that the eviction was retaliatory.

Available Defenses
  • The landlord had legitimate reasons for eviction unrelated to retaliatory motive.
  • The tenant failed to comply with lease terms.
Common Fact Patterns
  • A tenant reports health violations and is subsequently served with an eviction notice shortly thereafter.
  • A tenant makes a complaint about discrimination to a housing authority and is then threatened with eviction.
Exam Tip

Be prepared to analyze fact patterns where a tenant's complaint is followed by eviction actions, as this is a common test scenario.

Key Cases
  • Green v. Superior Court (1974)
  • Rhoades v. Avon (2005)
  • Barrows v. Mendez (1993)

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