Tort Law · claim

Elements of Tortious Interference

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Tortious Interference?

Tortious interference involves the intentional inducement of a third party to breach a contract or to interfere with a business relationship. This wrongful act can lead to harm for the affected party, resulting in legal liability for the interferer.

Required Elements

1. Existence of a Valid Contract or Business Relationship

The plaintiff must show that a valid contract or a business relationship with specific economic advantages existed.

What to prove: The plaintiff must present evidence demonstrating the contract's existence or details of the business relationship.

2. Knowledge of the Contract or Relationship

The defendant must have knowledge of the existing contract or business relationship.

What to prove: The plaintiff needs to show that the defendant was aware of the contract or relationship at the time of interference.

3. Intentional Interference

The defendant's actions must be shown to have intentionally disrupted the relationship.

What to prove: The plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant's conduct was purposeful and directed at causing the interference.

4. Improper Motive or Means

The defendant's actions must be deemed improper, which may involve wrongful motives or means of interference.

What to prove: The plaintiff has to establish that the interference was not justified or legitimate, often requiring an assessment of the defendant's reasons.

5. Resulting Damage

The plaintiff must show that they suffered damages as a result of the interference.

What to prove: The plaintiff must provide proof that the interference resulted in actual harm, such as lost profits or business opportunities.

Burden of Proof

The plaintiff bears the burden of proof and must establish their claim by a preponderance of the evidence.

Available Defenses
  • Justification
  • Privilege
  • Consent
Common Fact Patterns
  • A competitor actively persuades a client to break their contract with a business.
  • An employee shares confidential information with a rival, leading to loss of clients for their employer.
Exam Tip

Tortious interference often appears in exams as hypotheticals involving business relationships and can require students to identify all elements and defenses relevant to the scenario.

Key Cases
  • Torres v. A-State Company
  • Almendarez v. Gonzalez
  • Restatement (Second) of Torts § 766

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