Property Law · claim

Elements of Trespass To Land

Quick Answer

What are the elements of Trespass To Land?

Trespass to land occurs when an individual enters or remains on a parcel of land owned by another without consent. It can also include causing an object to enter the property or failing to remove oneself when requested.

Required Elements

1. Intent

The trespasser must intend to enter the land, whether intentionally or through recklessness.

What to prove: It must be shown that the defendant acted with intent to enter the property, even if they did not intend to trespass.

2. Entry

Physical entry onto the land owned by another person is required to establish trespass.

What to prove: Evidence must be provided showing that the defendant physically entered the property boundaries without permission.

3. Possession of Land

The land must be possessed by the plaintiff at the time of the trespass.

What to prove: The plaintiff needs to demonstrate their legal ownership or an interest in the land that was trespassed upon.

4. Lack of Permission

The entry onto the land must occur without the consent of the landowner.

What to prove: It must be established that the defendant did not have permission, express or implied, to enter the land.

Burden of Proof

The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff, who must prove the claim by a preponderance of the evidence.

Available Defenses
  • Consent
  • Necessity
  • Public Policy
Common Fact Patterns
  • A person walks across a neighbor's yard without permission, even after being asked to leave.
  • A delivery truck accidentally drives onto private property while trying to make a delivery next door.
Exam Tip

Expect exam questions to focus on factual scenarios assessing whether the essential elements of trespass have been met, particularly regarding intent and entry.

Key Cases
  • Ploof v. Putnam
  • Jacques v. Steenberg Homes, Inc.
  • Kamnikar v. McDison

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