State Citation Guide

Virginia Bluebook Citation Guide

Master Bluebook citations for the Supreme Court of Virginia and Court of Appeals using the South Eastern Reporter.

Overview

Virginia cases are reported in the South Eastern Reporter series (S.E., S.E.2d). Virginia still publishes official reporters — Virginia Reports (Va.) for the Supreme Court and Virginia Court of Appeals Reports (Va. App.). Under Bluebook Table T1, cite Virginia cases to the South Eastern Reporter.

The Supreme Court of Virginia is the court of last resort. The Court of Appeals of Virginia handles intermediate appeals. Use "Va." for the Supreme Court and "Va. Ct. App." for the Court of Appeals. Virginia expanded the Court of Appeals' jurisdiction significantly in 2022, making it a court of right for most civil and criminal appeals.

Virginia's legal system retains many distinctive features, including its own procedural rules and a historically strong distinction between law and equity courts. Many nationally significant Fourth Circuit cases originate in Virginia federal courts.

Virginia Court Hierarchy

CourtBluebook AbbreviationReporter
Supreme Court of VirginiaVa.S.E.2d (S.E.)
Court of AppealsVa. Ct. App.S.E.2d

Virginia Citation Rules

  • Cite to S.E.2d (or S.E. for very old cases) under Bluebook rules.
  • Use "Va." for the Supreme Court and "Va. Ct. App." for the Court of Appeals.
  • Do not include parallel citations to the official Virginia Reports.
  • Virginia expanded its Court of Appeals jurisdiction in 2022.
  • Include the year of the decision in the parenthetical.

Example Citations

Supreme Court of Virginia

Auer v. Commonwealth, 621 S.E.2d 140 (Va. 2005)

Court of Appeals

Commonwealth v. White, 753 S.E.2d 580 (Va. Ct. App. 2014)

Supreme Court (Landmark)

Loving v. Virginia, 147 S.E.2d 78 (Va. 1966)

Frequently Asked Questions

What reporter do I cite for Virginia cases?

Cite to the South Eastern Reporter (S.E.2d for modern cases) under Bluebook rules.

How do I abbreviate the Virginia Court of Appeals?

Use "Va. Ct. App." in the date parenthetical.

How did Virginia's 2022 court reform affect citations?

The 2022 reform expanded the Court of Appeals' jurisdiction but did not change Bluebook citation format. The abbreviations remain "Va." and "Va. Ct. App."

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Disclaimer: While this guide follows Bluebook 21st edition rules, always verify citations with official Bluebook resources or your institution's requirements. This content is for educational assistance only.

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